Baastrup病的诊断与治疗研究进展

Baastrup病,又名吻合棘病(kissing spine),最早于1933年由丹麦放射科医生Baastrup发现并以自己的名字命名,是一种相邻棘突附着面及其间软组织发生病理改变的疾病[1]。本病通常累及腰椎,颈椎Baastrup病也有少数报道[2-3],最常见于L4~5节段[4-6],临床上常表现为下腰痛[7-9],是由于腰椎相邻棘突不断接近并撞击而导致,疼痛常与体位变化相关,在脊柱伸展时加剧,屈曲时可缓解[10],临床上可通过触诊相应的棘突间隙而引起疼痛。     

Deciphering the roles of caveolin in neurodegenerative diseases: The good,the bad and the importance of context

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which contribute to progressive and irreversible impairments of both the structure and function of the nervous system, pose a substantial socioeconomic burden on society. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, membrane damage, DNA damage, and abnormal protein degradation pathways play pivotal roles in the etiology of NDDs. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that caveolins are important in the pathology of NDDs due to their cellular functions in signal transduction, endocytosis, transcytosis, cholesterol transport, and lipid homeostasis. Given the significance of caveolins, here we review the literature to clarify their molecular mechanisms and roles in NDDs. We first briefly introduce the general background on caveolins. Next, we focus on the various important functions of caveolins in the brain. Finally, we emphasize recent progress regarding caveolins, especially Cav-1, which exert both benefit and unfavorable effects in NDDs such as AD and PD. Collectively, the data presented here should advance the investigation of caveolins for the future development of innovative strategies for the treatment of NDDs.     

论湿为病毒

王辉武教授临床观察认为“湿邪”可能与现代医学所说的“病毒”相类似,中医中药以祛风除湿、芳香化湿、苦温燥湿、淡渗利湿、健脾驱湿等治疗病毒性疾病均有明显疗效,可见“湿”为治疗核心,故大胆提出“湿为病毒”学术观点,并进行了多年的理念论证和临床验证。本文运用中医湿邪理论,探讨论证病毒性疾病与湿邪的相关性,希望有益于病毒性疾病的辨识,便于对疾病的早期干预,防止进一步恶化,以求丰富中医防治病毒性疾病的理念。     

Effects of mild intrauterine hypoperfusion in the second trimester on memory and learning function in rat offspring

Mild intrauterine hypoperfusion(MIUH) is a serious pathological event that affects the growth and development of fetuses and offspring. MIUH can lead to growth restriction, low birth weight, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other adverse clinical outcomes. To study the effects of MIUH on learning and memory function in offspring, a model of MIUH was established by placing a coil(length 2.5 mm, diameter 0.24 mm) on the uterine artery and ovarian uterine artery of Sprague-Dawley rats in the second trimester of pregnancy(day 17). Next, 120 mg/kg lithium chloride(the MIUH + Li group) or normal saline(the MIUH group) was injected intraperitoneally into these rats. In addition, 120 mg/kg lithium chloride(the Li group) or normal saline(the SHAM group) was injected intraperitoneally into pregnant rats without coil placement. The Morris water maze was used to detect changes in learning and memory ability in the offspring at 4 weeks after birth. In the MIUH group, the escape latency and journey length before reaching the platform were both increased, and the number of times that the platform was crossed and the activity time in the target quadrant within 90 seconds were both decreased compared with the SHAM group. Immunofluorescence double staining and western blot assays demonstrated that hippocampal nestin and Ki67(both cell-proliferation-related proteins) expression was significantly downregulated in the MIUH group compared with the SHAM group. Furthermore, western blot assays were conducted to investigate changes in related signaling pathway proteins in the brains of offspring rats, and revealed that glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β) expression was upregulated and β-catenin expression was downregulated in the MIUH group compared with the SHAM group. In addition, compared with the MIUH group, the expression levels of p-GSK3β and β-catenin were upregulated in the MIUH + Li group. These results suggest that MIUH may affect learning and memory function in rat offspring by regulating the GSK3β signaling pathway. The experimental procedures were approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University(approval No. 2018 PS07 K) in June 2018.     

临床护理路径在心血管患者静脉留置针中的研究分析

目的:提高静脉留置针使用有效期,保证心血管患者得到及时用药,有效开放静脉抢救通道。方法:建立了心血管患者静脉留置针的临床护理路径(Clinical Nursing Pathway,CNP)。选择我院2018年1-12月期间接诊的静脉留置针心血管患者为研究对象,共100例,随机分组,即对照组(50例,常规护理)与实验组(50例,在常规护理基础上辅以临床护理路径),比较两组护理效果,包括留置时间、不良反应情况、患者满意度等。结果:护理后,两组患者留置时间无明显差异,但实验组不良反应发生率、静脉炎发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组满意度、一次性置管成功率高于对照组,而非计划性拔管率则低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心血管患者静脉留置针护理中辅以临床护理路径,可减少不良反应,预防静脉炎,延长置管时间,提高护理满意度,值得优选。     

慢性肾脏病患者血压形态特点及临床疗效分析

目的 研究慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）患者血压形态特点，以及睡前服用降压药对患者临床疗效影响。方法 2018年1月至2019年9月住院的182例CKD合并高血压患者的动态血压数据和临床指标，描述患者的血压昼夜节律特点和特殊血压类型分布。分析睡前服用降压药对患者临床疗效影响。结果 不同CKD分期患者的年龄、24 h收缩压、白天收缩压、夜间收缩压差异有统计学意义。CKD合并高血压患者血压形态以非杓型为主。与杓型血压组患者比较，非杓型或反杓型患者的年龄、超敏C反应蛋白（hypersensitive C reactiveprotein，hs CRP）偏高，血红蛋白偏低（P＜0.05）；多因素回归分析显示年龄、hs CRP是发生异常血压节律的独立危险因素。患者的诊室血压控制率25.3%，动态血压控制率14.3%，均控制率5.5%，夜间血压未控制率83.5%。19.8%的患者有隐匿性高血压，8.8%的患者有白大衣性高血压。将降压药改为睡前服用的患者3个月后的24 h尿蛋白和血尿酸显著改善（P＜0.05）。结论 CKD合并高血压患者的血压形态以非杓型为主。年龄、hs CRP是发生血压节律异常的独立危险因素，血红蛋白越低的患者更容易发生非杓型血压。睡前服用降压药可能通过恢复血压昼夜节律来减少尿蛋白及降低血尿酸。     

新生儿胃穿孔的临床特点及影响预后的因素

目的探讨新生儿胃穿孔的临床特点及影响预后的相关因素。方法本研究为回顾性研究。研究对象为山西省儿童医院新生儿外科2008年1月至2017年12月手术治疗的49例新生儿胃穿孔病例。分析这些患儿的临床表现、辅助检查、手术情况及预后等临床资料。根据预后将患儿分为存活组和死亡组,探讨影响患儿预后的相关因素。采用独立样本t检验或连续性校正χ^2检验(或Fisher精确概率法)分析数据。结果(1)49例患儿中,男29例(59.2%),女20例(40.8%);早产儿30例(61.2%),足月儿19例(38.8%);体重(2450±700)g,范围为1010~5000 g。29例(59.2%)为低出生体重儿。11例(22.4%)有围产期不良事件;17例(34.7%)术前合并感染性休克;6例(12.2%)合并其他消化道畸形。2例(4.1%)有生后窒息复苏史,2例(4.1%)合并呼吸窘迫综合征行机械通气,12例(24.5%)有留置胃管或洗胃史。(2)49例患儿的发病时间为(3.8±2.0)d,47例(95.9%)于生后1周内发病,其中36例于生后≤4 d发病;25例(51.0%)发病到手术时间≤12 h。(3)首发症状以单纯腹胀最常见[69.4%(34/49)],12例(24.5%)腹胀伴呕吐,39例(79.6%)患儿术前腹部立位X射线片可见膈下大量游离气体,肝脏受压下移,胃泡影减小或消失。(4)所有患儿入院后均急诊行开腹探查、胃壁一期修补术。术中见27例(55.1%)穿孔位于胃大弯,5例(10.2%)位于胃小弯,14例(28.6%)位于胃前壁,3例(6.1%)位于胃后壁。33例(67.3%)穿孔长径≥3 cm。术后3例(6.1%)发生切口感染,2例(4.1%)吻合口漏;1例术后48 h发现大量气液胸,再次手术证实为食道重复并食道穿孔。(5)49例中,35例(71.4%)的病因为先天性胃壁肌层缺损,4例(8.2%)为损伤,10例(20.4%)为自发性穿孔。(6)49例中,8例(16.3%)死亡,36例(73.5%)存活,5例(10.2%)术后放弃治疗。剔除5例放弃治疗的患儿后,存活组中发病到手术时间≤12 h及穿孔长径<3 cm患儿的比例高于死亡组[61.1%(22/36)与1/8,χ^2=4.404;41.7%(15/36)与0/8];死亡组合并感染性休克的比例高于存活组[6/8与22.2%(8/36),χ^2=6.147](P值均<0.05)。结论新生儿胃穿孔病死率较高,先天性胃壁肌层缺损是新生儿胃穿孔的病理基础和主要病因,突然出现的腹胀是其主要的临床表现。尽早手术有助于提高治愈率。